托福独立写作名词用法注意事项详细解读

托福独立写作中因为词汇运用不当所导致的扣分问题层出不穷。很多同学并非不知道这些词汇语法问题，许多情况下都只是没有太过注意才会导致错误发生。下面小编就和大家分享托福独立写作名词用法注意事项详细解读，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福独立写作名词用法注意事项详细解读

1. 可数名词要有冠词代词或复数

Even expert or scholar specializing in a certain field might cover a vastspectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.

During high school, a very important time in a person’s education career,student will learn skill necessary to be successful in university and the workworld.

第一句句子中的expert和scholar都是可数名词，因此需要在这些词之前加上冠词(定冠词或不定冠词)或物主代词，或变为名词的复数形式。Evenexperts or scholars specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrumof knowledge in order to succeed.

第二句句子中的student和skill也都是可数名词，全句应该改为：During high school, a very importanttime in a person’s education career, students will learn most of the skillsnecessary to be successful in university and the work world.

2. 集合名词的单复数要注意

我们来看下面的例句：

Technology is developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors mightnever have foreseen.

在此句句子中，technology 是不可数名词。考生是否可以将这句句子改成：Various modern technologies aredeveloping at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never haveforeseen呢?technology到底是可数名词还是不可数名词?

当technology理解为抽象的“科学技术”，即强调总称时，是不可数名词，如例句中的Technology is developing at aremarkablespeed中的technology正是对“科学技术总称”的指代。当强调“各种各样”科技产品的时候，此时的technology则是可数名词，如例句 Variousmodern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed.这类名词称之为“集合名词”，在托福独立写作中，经常使用的“集合名词”还有government，如：

The central government is so concerned about keeping pandas in existencethat it is spending millions of dollars trying to determine how to artificiallyinseminate the giant panda. (中央政府是一级具体的“政府机关”，因此使用可数名词形式)

It is crucial for government to setup more funds by attracting largerinvestments to solve financial problems encountered during the course ofenvironment-related projects. (这里的政府是“行政机关的总称”，因此使用不可数名词形式)

3. 名词的首字母大写要求介绍

在哪些情况下，名词需要对其首字母进行大写(capitalization)?

表示月份：February

表示历史事件：The Enlightenment

表示历史时期：The Middle Ages

表示书刊、报纸：The New York Times，The Washington Post

表示节日：Christmas，the Spring Festival

表示国家(地区)：North America

表示专有名词：the Amazon

托福写作：题库范文附思路解析

1. What change do you want to make in a school you attended? If you couldmake one important change in a school that you attended, what change would youmake? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 参见：[6]

『范文』 While the school system in China is generally quite good, there is oneproblem that I have found prevalent through all of my years of education. Theproblem is that the teacher to student ratio is too small. This situation was ofno benefit to anyone: the teachers, or the students. If there were more teachersin each school, class sizes would be smaller, there would be a greater diversityof knowledge and information, and teachers would be less tired, and wouldtherefore give better classes. Class sizes are overwhelmingly large in China. Inmany of the courses offered in elementary school and high school, there are overforty students in a class. It is very difficult to learn in this type ofsituation. The teacher has no time to spend with individual students who needextra help, and students are often embarrassed to ask questions in front of somany other students. If class sizes could be shrunk, the learning curve in mostcourses would rise dramatically. With more teachers at every school, thecollective mass of knowledge and information would rise. Everyone in the worldhas his/her own very particular set of information. People are like snowflakes;each person is different and has varied experiences from the next person. Withmore people at a school, there is a wider knowledge base to draw from. Thiswould obviously be an advantage to students, as schools could offer a widerrange of courses in a variety of fields of study. Therefore, if I was given theopportunity to change one thing in the high school that I once attended, I wouldlike to try to recruit more qualified teachers and give them more decent pays.This would benefit everyone. It is an unfortunate fact that most schooldistricts cannot afford to make this happen.

2. What gift would you give to help a child develop? A gift (such as acamera, a soccer ball, or an animal) can contribute to a child's development.What gift would you give to help a child develop? Why? Use reasons and specificexamples to support your choice.

『分析』可以使用it depends的策略，不同年龄的children可以有不同的选择。相关题目：[33]、[161]

『范文』 Child's development is often supplemented by the gifts they receivefrom important adults in their life. It is important to choose these giftscarefully, and foster growth in the right areas. If I were to give a gift to achild, it would be the game of chess. Chess offers a number of advantages to achild. Chess builds social skills, it encourages the child to develop the higherfunctions of the brain, and it is a good hobby. As with most games, chessencourages a child to be social with others. As chess is a two-person game, anytime children play the game they will be interacting with others. As chess is acompetitive game with a winner and a loser, children will have to learn how tolose gracefully if they hope to keep their chess partners. Building socialskills when one is young is very important for future successes throughout one'slife. Playing chess is also an excellent way to increase one's thinkingabilities. Chess is a game of strategy. When playing chess, a child will buildimportant skills such as pattern recognition, strategic thinking, and analyticalthinking. All of these skills are very important, especially when going throughschool. Many subjects a young person must take in school utilize all of theseskills, and working on them early in life can be nothing but beneficial.Finally, chess is an excellent hobby for a young person. Playing chess, or anyother time-intensive game, keeps children out of trouble. If they are spendingtheir time working on building their chess strategies, they are not out on thestreets causing trouble. Many children develop behavioral problems because ofsimple boredom. Chess is an excellent remedy for this, as it is fun to spendone's free time. Thus, I think chess is an excellent present to give to a youngchild. Chess encourages both personality and mental development, which are veryimportant in a child's early years. While many gifts will encourage the maturityof one of these types of development, there are few gifts that foster thedevelopment of both.

3. Should students be given a long vacation or several short vacations?Some people believe that students should be given one long vacation each year.Others believe that students should have several short vacations throughout theyear. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples tosupport your choice.

『分析』无所谓选择哪一个立场。强调一个立场的种种理由的同时，不要忘了提及另外一个立场的些许好处。然后采用让步方式得出自己的结论。

『范文』 Vacation is a very important part of student life. I would agree thatit is best for the students to have many short vacations. School can be a verytiring, tedious experience at times. If students get regular breaks in betweenintensive periods of studies, they will be more relaxed and ready to learn newmaterial upon returning to school. In addition to this, a change in environment,even if only for a week, gives one the opportunity to relax while reflecting onone's studies. Many students find that even a short break allows them to refreshenough to continue with school. Having many breaks throughout the year is alsogood for one's social life. If people have the opportunity to catch up withfriends and family on a regular basis throughout the year, they will never feelas though they were losing touch with loved ones. Socializing with friends andfamily is also an excellent way to relax. If students frequently have this kindof opportunity, they will be more at ease and ready for the next semester ofschool. Moreover, if the school year is broken down into many short semesters,the schools will be able to put a greater amount of focus into the curriculum ofthe courses. Many students find that by the end of a long semester, they haveforgotten the information that they learned at the beginning of the term. Byhaving short, intensive study sessions, students will quickly learn a smallamount of information, and thus be able to keep it locked in their minds for along time to come. Consequently, I think that it is vastly preferable to havenumerous short vacations throughout the year. Students will find that they aremore relaxed, and can better focus on their studies all year round.

4. Live in a traditional house or in a modern apartment building? Would youprefer to live in a traditional house or in a modern apartment building? Usespecific reasons and details to support your choice.

『分析』选择现代公寓更容易写。相比传统的房子：主要是方便，设施更完整，上下水(sewerage system);互联网接入(accessinginternet);有线电视系统(cable TV);煤气供应(gas supply)……容易清扫，清扫范围少。

『范文』 Choosing a home is a very personal decision to make. Some peopleprefer to live in traditional houses, while others would rather live in modernapartment buildings. Personally, I would prefer to live in a modern buildingover a traditional house. Modern buildings provide better services, they arestronger and safer, and they are more conveniently located. When people moveinto a modern apartment building, they are immediately surrounded by all of thecomforts they could possibly want. Modern buildings typically have new plumbingand hardware. Because of this there are usually very few problems with newapartment buildings. In addition to this, they also come supplied withrefrigerators, washing machines, air conditioning, and the Internet. Many newbuildings have the added bonus of having a workout facility or a swimming pool.All of these advantages make an apartment a much more attractive option than atraditional house. Modern buildings are also stronger and safer than traditionalhouses. They are made completely of concrete, which is a very durable material.These buildings are always designed by important architects who have a detailedknowledge of building materials, and methods that ensure that natural disasterswill not affect the stability of the complex. In addition to this, all modernbuildings have to be inspected by engineers, who carefully evaluate thestructure to ensure that it is sound and can withstand natural or unnaturaldisasters. Many older structures were built using the experience of the builderrather than any empirical understanding of building materials and the forcesthey can withstand. Traditional houses are also usually built in quiet areasoutside the city. Most modern apartment buildings are constructed in the core ofthe city, offering the residents a wide range of services right outside theirdoor. Detailed analyses are made by civic engineers and city planners to ensurethat all necessary services are readily available. This includes transportation,shopping, employment and recreational facilities. Living too far outside thecity can be a hindrance to one's business and social life.

5. Do advertisements promote things we do not need or products that mayimprove our lives? Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy thingswe really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new productsthat may improve our lives. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specificreasons and examples to support your answer.

『分析』倾向于同意后者广告的好处：介绍新产品;降低报纸、杂志、电视节目的价格……广告的不良影响(可大多情况下，那不是广告的错，而是制作者的责任，这些可以通过法制解决) 结论是，广告有很多好处，也有一些不足，可是没有广告却是不可以的。

『范文』 Over the last twenty years the amount of adverting we are subjected toin our daily lives has increased dramatically. It has got to the point where onecan hardly turn his/her head without seeing a wide array of media images. I tendto agree the fact that advertisements more often than not persuade us intobuying things that we do not need. Often it is difficult to discern what aproduct is from an advertisement. Advertisers prey on our basal emotions,conjuring strong relationships between our primary drives and their productnames or logos.

A prime example of this is perfume ads. In many of these types ofadvertisements there are women in compromising positions, but there is nomention of the actual product for sale. These ads draw us in and make us thinkthat we can be better and more beautiful if we have the product. In addition tobeing manipulative, advertisements also fill our environments and ourconsciousness. There is no taboo venue for advertisements; they fill ourtelevisions, radios, streets and elevators. Some advertisers have even taken toplacing images of their products in our urinals or on boxers' bodies. It isimpossible to get away from them. To illustrate this point, all one has to do isto pick up a popular magazine. While flipping through the pages, one will mostlikely find that for every page of content there are at least two pages ofadvertisements. It should also be noted that a significant portion of this socalled "content" is actually advertising in disguise.

Finally, advertisements feed on our insecurities and often successfullyconvince us that we have no value to society without their products. Advertisingwas originally designed to showcase products and inform us as to how they canimprove our lives. This harmless form has been replaced by a medium thatviciously attacks our self-confidence and self-esteem. In conclusion, I positthat the main goal of advertisements is to convince us to buy things that we donot need. As globalization continues to shrink the world, advertising coercesall countries to become consumer nations.

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