谈谈城乡道路客运一体化发展

　 谈谈城乡道路客运一体化的发展

　一、城乡道路客运一体化

　 内涵与发展意义

　 l·概念界定

　20世纪90年代，在我国道路客运大力发展和城乡道路客运管理体制转轨的情况下，全国各地纷纷提出在道路客运行业实行城乡客运一体化发展。那么。什么是城乡道路客运一体化呢?到目前为止，人们对城乡道路客运一体化的概念及内涵并不十分清楚，可谓仁者见仁，智者见智，有相当一部分人把农村客运公交化和城乡道路客运一体化混为一谈，认为实施城乡道路客运一体化就是推行农村客运公交化。其实，农村客运公交化只是农村客运的一种组织形式，是人们在探索城乡道路客运一体化过程中对于农村客运提出的一种改革方向，并没有包括城乡道路客运---体化的全部。也有人认为城乡道路客运--体化即长途客运，城市公交客运，出租客运统一管理的一种管理休制。我认为城乡道路客运一体化发展是一个国家城乡经济发展到一定水平，道路客运发展到一定阶段所必然出现的发展过程。

　

　我们认为给城乡道路客运一体化下定义应注意以下儿个方面的因素:

　第一，城乡道路客运一体化是发生在城乡道路尤其是农村道路十分畅通，场站等基础设施水平比较高，城乡客运实现网络化运作的时期。这是城乡道路客运一体化发展硬件方面应满足的基本要求，是一体化发展的前提。

　 第二，城乡道路客运一体化是一个渐进和逐步完善的发展过程，而不是结果。受社会经济发展水平的影响，生产力的不同发展阶段呈现出不同的发展程度，不同国家和地区发展程度也不同。

　 第三，城乡道路客运一体化是双向的，不是单方面的。并不是套用城社客运及城市客运的发展模式来发展农村客运，也不是农村客运公交化，而是两者相互吸取有益于自身发展的积极因素，相互促进，协调发展的双向演变过程。

　 第四，城乡道路客运一体化发展并不是说最终达到城市客运和农村客远完全一样，没有差别，不应简单地认为是缩小甚至是消灭城乡客运差别的过程，而应是在具体实施过程中注重两者内部以及两者之间的有效衔接。

　 第五，城乡道路客运一体化发展不单是道路、场站等基础设施即硬件方面的一体化，还包括管理体制、运行机制、经营方式等软件方面的一体化。后者相对来说更重要，较难以理顺，是发展的重点与难点。

　 第六，城乡道路客运一体化发展的关健是实施统一、协调、高效的城乡道路客运综合管理，以先进的管理技术为手段。以法制和体制为保障，充分发挥政府、市场、公众的各种作用和组合忧势，不断维护与更新道路交通基础设施，逐步理顺管理体制、运行机制，为减乡居民提供更多更好的客运服务。

　 基于以上分析，城乡道路客运一体化的定义可以是:城乡道路客运-一体化是在城乡道路十分畅通、场站等基础设施比较完备，城乡道路客运网络体系高效运作的条件下，城乡道路客运相互融合，综合利用各种客运资源争取效益最大化和服务水平不断地提高，以达到城乡道路客运在管理体制、运行机制、经营方式等方面协调发展的过程。

　 2·推进城乡道路客运一体化发展的意义

　 城乡道路客运一体化发展，实行交通部门一家管理整个道路客运的新体制，有利于强化行业管理。同时还具有形成政令统一、事权统-一、精简机构、统一规划、城乡协调一致发展的新局面。

　政令统一，可以杜绝相互扯皮、推滚等现象，提高管理效率。事权统一，有利于各种道路客运方式的有效衔接，方便人民特别是乡村居民的出行和中转换乘，为城市人口向郊区转移创造便利条件，缓解城市压力，同时增加客流量，带来道路客运新的经济增沃点。机构精简，效能提高，有利于真正实现从部门分散管理到综合统一管理的重大变革。统一规划，有利于道路客运资源的有效整合和充分利用，保持供需基本平衡，避免无序竞争与浪费，城乡协调一致，有利于规范客运市场，为广大经营者创造一个公开、公正，公平的竞争环境，充分激活其经营积极性。同时一体化发展带来的良好的交通运输条件可以优化投资环境、吸引投资，有利于城乡经济与道路客运相互促进，形成良性互动、共同发展的大好形势。

　城乡交通一体化就是改革现有客运管理模式，打破城市公交与农村客运的二元分割局面，利用公交化运作方式，实现客运资源效率的合理配，置和促进服务水平不断提高，以达到城乡交通相互衔接、资源共享、布局合理，在管理体制、政策法规、设施规划、市场建设等方面统一、协调发展。管理主体一体化即实行由一个职能管理部门统一管理包括公路客运、农村客运、城市公交和出租汽车客运等；政策法规一体化主要是捐对城乡道路客运实行统一的发展政策和经济政策(运价政策、税收政策、粳资信贷政策)，采用统一的法律法规体系；设施一体化主要是指城乡遭略、客运站点的选址、规模、等级、服务功能等由一个职能管理部门统一规划、合理布局，使各站点能与其他各种运输服务方式的有效衔接，与城乡规划相配套；市场建设一体化主要指在无形市场建设方面，树立城乡客运市场一盘棋思想，对城乡道路客运实行统一开放的市场准入制度、服务规范等。其关键是以法制和体制为保障，充分发挥政府，市场、公众的各种作用和组合优势，逐步理顺管理体制和运行机制，加强农村客运网络和缄市公交网络的合理衔接，最大限度减少旅客中转次数，方便出行。

　 城乡交通—体化发展模式，是城市进步和交通产业发展到一定阶段后的必然产物。随着我国社会。经济的快速发展，面对缄市化水平的进一步提高，交通必然要向多层面、大容量、快速化的方向发展，不仅要满足基本的出行需求，还将更多地关注出行的质量，使未来的交通系统更加安全、快捷、高效、方便、舒适、经济，更好地满足人们的出行需求。

　二、客运一体化发展的客观必然性

　 城乡通路客运一体化发展思想的产生，有其客观必然性。

　 首先源于农村客运发展的需要。我国农村天地阔，客运资源十分丰富。农村客运在加强乡村与城市之间的人世和经济往来方面发挥着重要作用，是发展农业，繁荣农村，致富农民的重要支持利保障，然而，由于长期受到农村经济发展水平不高的制约、农村道路客运基本上处于粗放式的低层次发展状态:经营者素质普遍不高，管理水平低下;车辆技术状况差，安全性能低，道路等级低，缺乏场站等基础设施，运输组织结构松散，市场秩序混乱，市场管理不规范等。要彻底改变道路客运行业内多年来“头(快速客运)重脚(农村客运)轻”的局面，推进客运一体化发展势在必行。

　 其次挂我国加入WTO后新形势的需要，是构筑大交通格局的需要。大交通格局要求统一客运市场管理，彻底打破市场分割和行业垄断。入世对于我国道路客运业可谓机遇与挑战并存，尤其是老国有运输企业，迫切需要改革。

　 再次是社会主义市场经济发展的需要。我国交通经过最近十几年的高速发展。“瓶颈”制约得到了缓解，但这只是相对比较低的经济社会发展水平、运输需求水平而言的，是初步的。社会主义市场经济发展需要更加安全、便捷、快速、可靠的交通运输作保障，交通运输不仅要在数量上满足要求，而且要在服务质量上与之相适应。首先，实现城乡交通一体化可以消除过去二元华管理的弊端，整个城乡之间的交通可以合理规划、统一布局，各经营主体之间的利益关系可以得到很好的平衡，减少同线经营、不正当竞争所带来的社会资源浪费，规范整个运输市场；其次，在实现城乡交通一体化、由一个部门管理整个运输市场的基础上，各经营主体的利益得到平衡，所有运输车辆的各项费用都将降低，运输成本降低，票价就肯定会相应降低，这样一来，乘客的出行成本也将减少，对城乡居民绝对是个福音；再次，实现城乡交通一体化，可以把原来分割的城乡客运市场有效地衔接起来，减少城乡交通之间不必要的换乘过程，使城乡居民的出行更加便利。

　 我国已经具备了城乡道路客运一体化发展的硬件条件。近几年，随着全国各地高速公路联网畅通工程、干线公路网络化工程、县乡道路通达工程的全面推进，我国城乡道路建设快速发展。到2002年底，全国高速公路里程达到2.52万公里，公路通车里程175.8万公里，农村公路总里程发展到130万公里，全国营运客车总量140.9万辆，乡镇通公路率达到99.4%，通班车率达到98%，行政村通公路率达到92.5%，通班车率达到81.9%。

　 城乡道路客运一体化发展能够满足我国社会主义市场经济发展的需求，符合管理体制改革的要求，且发展的硬件条件已具备，是一种必然的发展趋势。

　三、客运一体化发展现状及存在问题

　 一直以来，我国道路客运采取的是部门分管的管理体制，参与管理的部门包括交通、城建、公安等。这种管理体制有它形成的历史原因，也曾起过积极作用。现在，这种多头管理的状况已不适应建立“大交通”系统的要求。很多地方转变管理思维，将城市公交划归交通部门管理，为城乡道路客运一体化创造了条件。有些城市己经在实践中对城乡道路客运一体化进行厂有益的探索。如河南省巩义市的管理一体化、客运网络化，陕西省西安市提出打破城乡交通隔离带“零公里”和实现客运交通“三化”。即长途客运驻点化、远郊客运往返化，城市客运公交化的发展规划，为该市一体化发展指明了方向。北京、上海、重庆、哈尔滨、深圳、武汉等大城市在政府机构改革中理顺管理体制，将城乡道路客运交由交通部门实行统一管理，加快了这些地区城乡道路客运一体化发展步伐。

　 总体来看，尤其和市场经济发达国家相比，我国城乡道路客运一体化发展缓慢，尚处在探索阶段，存在很多问题。由于部门利益的存在，致使管理体制改革困难重重，管理上的政出多门已成为制约一体化发展的最大瓶颈。另外，硬件建设滞后于客运发展，尤其是农村道路等级、场站等仍很落后。因此，我国的城乡道路客运一体化发展还有很长的一段路要走。

　四、客运一体化发展的基本模式及政策措施

　 城乡道路客运一体化发展的基本技式综合各地城乡道路客运一体化发展实践及道路客运系统化发展的基本理论，城乡道路客运一体化发展的基本模式可以是:管理主体、政策法规、站场设施、市场建设一体化。管理主体一体化实行由交通部门统一管理包括公路客运、农村客运，城市公交和出租汽车客运等。实践证明一家管理已成为必然趋势，是实现一体化管理的前提。

　 政策法规一体化主要是指对城乡道路客运实行统一的发展政策和经济政策(运价政策、税收政策、投资信贷政策)。采用统一的法律法规体系。站场设施一体化主要是指城乡道路客运站点的选址、规模、等级、服务功能等由交通主管部门统一规划，合理布局。使各站点能与其他各种运输方式和各种客运服务方式有效衔接，与城乡规划相配套。

　 市场建设一体化主要指在无形市场建设方面，树立城乡道路客运市场一盘棋思想，对城乡道路客运实行统一的市场准人制度，服务规范等。推进城乡道路客运一体化发展的政策措施科学合理行之有效的政策措施是促进城乡道路客运一体化快速发展的关键，推进城乡道路客运一体化发展应从软件和硬件两个方面着手。软件方面:一是要提高认知度。加大宣传力度、尤其是政府主管部门要予以重视，在具体政策措施方面给予适当扶持，二是要建立适应城乡道路客运一体化发展的管理体制，发挥行业主管部门的导向作用，明确其管理职责，杜绝政企不分;三是建立道路客运现代企业制度，用市场机制构筑一体化发展格局;四是加快立法工作，完善法律制度，完善市场准入制度，把好市场准入关，规范客运经营行为。

　硬件方面:一是加大道路建设规模，科学构筑城乡道路网，尤其是城郊和乡村公路建设;二是加快道路客运站场建设，尤其是简易站的建设。乡村简易站数量太少，根本不能满足城乡道路客运发展的需要，因此要加大对简易站的投资力度。扩大投融资渠道，以增加简易站的数量，从而构筑一体化发展的有形市场。城乡客运公交事业发展。城乡客运公交事业的直接受益者是我县广大农民群众，城乡公交车被称之为便民车、民心车、幸福车，它的运行仅仅依靠客运公司和驾驶员的让利是难以持久维持的。职能部门或县人民政府应当制定或积极向上争取各种税费的优惠和减免政策，以扶持和鼓励客运公司的发展。建议对城乡公交车，在近几年的发展阶段中，属县本级收取的养路费、运管费、营业税、工商管理费实行免收或减半收取，对费率很高的客运附加费和营业税积极向上争取实行最大限度优惠或先收后退政策。

　三是抢抓国家实施西部大开发和“中扶县”国家重点扶持机遇，大力争取项目资金，加快我县农村交通基础设施建设步伐。借国家实施乡镇“通畅”工程、农村“通达”工程之东风，加大人力和财力投入，迅速启动我县通乡油路改造，彻底改善道路条件，提高客运车辆通行能力。同时，完善乡村道路管养机制，确保路况长期良好，为实现我县乡乡村村通达城乡公交车奠定坚实的基础。

　 四是调整国民收入分配结构，增加政府投入，发展和壮大我县城乡客运公交事业。当前，我县农村的重要资源和要素，包括劳力、资金、人才、技术、甚至土地，正在加快向城镇和发达地区流失，农村依靠自身发展的竞争力越来越弱。而另一方面，我县的城镇建设、二三产业正突飞猛进，财政收入形势良好。因此，县人民政府完全有必要对我县的国民收入分配结构实行调整，加大对农村的财政资金投入。而对农村公共交通事业的扶持是目前最好的投入方式。财政资金通过扶持城乡客运公司发展壮大，客运公司通过低廉票价让利农民，来实现公共财政扩大对农村的覆盖范围，以此促进我县城乡社会和谐发展。我们建议，在财政年度预算时，应当安排适量资金，通过贴息贷款、利益诱导等形式促进客运公司发展壮大。特别是对地处边远、营运线路短、客流量少而效益低下的客运公司，还应根据具体情况实行燃油补贴政策或奖励机制，确保公司正常运行。

　五是对城乡客运公交车辆和驾驶员实行户籍化管理，确保安全运行。所谓对车辆和驾驶预案实行户籍化管理，就是像公安派出所社区民警管理辖区人口的方式搞好客运车辆和驾驶员的安全管理。职能部门的责任人，应根据各自单位明确的区域，将所属城乡客运车辆和驾驶员登记造册，定期联系，加强客运车辆的安全性能检验，对驾驶员进行交通法规和安全行车的教育，以预防重特大交通事故发生。同时，学校也要加强也客运公司的相互配合，防治客运车辆在学生上下学时段出现严重超员载客现象。

　六是积极探索城乡客运公交管理新机制，规范我县农村客运市场。主管部门应官爵我县农村客运事业发展规划，积极探索适合我县实际的管理方式。要严格控制小公司数量，扶持有经验、实力雄厚、信誉度高的公司发展。要督促公司建立和完善内部各项管理制度，并加紧车站及配套服务设施的假设。对以后需新增的城乡公交客运公司，应按照竞标形式产生。要根据我县公路和人居分布实际，采取“片区经营、线路经营”等方式规范农村客运市场。工商、交通、交警等部门应密切配合，加大对非客运车辆载客的查处力度，以维护我县客运市场秩序持续稳定。

　七是进一步抓好城乡客运公交化宣传工作。县政府网站、县电视台要加强对城乡客运公交化政策、动态和先进经验的宣传报道，让全社会都来关心、理解和支持我县城乡客运公交事业的发展。

　当然，我们相信，有县委、县人民政府的重视和支持，我县城乡客运公交事业一定能够充满欣欣向荣的蓬勃生机，客运公交车一定能够载着农民群众奔向幸福的新生活！

　五、关于芜湖县公交公司存在的问题及解决途径、应对措施

　目前芜湖县公交公司有城市、城乡、微型三个下属公交分公司，各类营运车辆共计373台。由于近年来随着各项运营成本的逐年上升,特别是成品油价格的几次飞越, 以及运输市场管理不规范，致使我司经营中存在着很多问题。现将芜湖县公交存在的问题及解决途径、应对措施分别简述如下:

　一．城乡公交分公司

　1、各乡镇“黑头面包车”非法营运班线现象严重。经调查目前各乡镇“黑头面包车”有100多台，尤其以黄池、隆兴、保沙、东瑞、凤家湾等班线居多。由于长期以来遭受乡镇“黑头面包车”的非法营运、恶意抢客影响，乡镇班线实载率明显下降，且大都以短途乘客居多，为此，合法的乡镇班线车与非法“黑头面包车”常为争夺客源发生矛盾冲突，安全隐患极大。

　2、执行票价过低。经我司测算，2004年至2007年间各项运营成本上涨了80.60%,而票价上调幅度仅为33%（注：各项实际测算及经营现状已专文呈报县发改委、县法制办等政府主管部门）,虽然对县内班线车实行了燃油补贴，从整体补助上看，能缓解一时经营压力，但面对急剧上涨的各项成本，仍杯水车薪;另外, 经我司对周边广德、宁国、宣城、当涂等地乡镇班线客运票价调查了解，随着运营成本不断上升,特别是油价的上涨,各地价格主管部门本着兼顾乘、运双方利益为宗旨, 结合乡镇班线经营现状,今年初对客运票价都进行了不同程度的上调,而我司就票价上调也专题呈报县发改委,但至今一直未作上调。面对主管部门严厉打击私涨票价的重拳、而班线经营者则在为应对物价上涨，努力维护自身生存状况下，最终导致乘客常因票价等方面发生服务质量投诉,广大班线经营者也因无休止亏损产生社会不稳定因素。

　3、各乡镇“村村通”公路普遍较窄，影响班线车通行。随着我县各乡镇 “村村通”公路的日益完善，由于路面普遍仅为3.5米，而班车车宽一般为2.3米，出入行政村载客车辆无法会车，从而给各类“黑头面包车” 滋生了肥沃的土壤，合法营运与非法营运间矛盾突出。

　二、城市公交分公司

　1、县城公交1、2路运距过短、客源有限、季节性明显，且肩负着社会责任重大。由于县城芜屯路过境段路面改造，部分路段封闭，客源减少，加之客源主要是城关上班族、学生，大部分客源都实行低廉的月票制，而学校又有寒、暑等假期，学生流季节性变化明显；另外还担负城关地区1000多名70岁以上老人免费乘车，社会责任重大，而政府每年给予的经营性、政策性补贴有限，落实到位步骤繁琐，广大经营者意见较大，怨言多，极易造成社会矛盾。

　2、三元、政和公交车由于历史原因，车型大、油耗高，进行政村载客常因“村村通” 路面窄，进出困难而怨言较多。

　三、微型公交分公司

　1、自身素质参差不齐，不规范经营现象普遍存在，管理难度大。由于是原“五小”车辆演变而来，依托政府“阳光工程”计划照顾，少数经营者素质低下，在交通、物价等主管部门多次集中整治下，仍有不打表经营、私自涨价、服务态度差等违规现象的发生，有时还凌驾于管理部门之上。

　2、私自转让经营权现象频繁。由于少数经营者主观意识淡薄，加上一些“黑中介”的恶意炒作，致使QQ车价急剧上涨，部分新购车经营者因高价买进，急不可耐地想收回成本，经营过程中随意涨价，从而造成乘客投诉多，社会影响差，企业声誉受损；更有甚者，少数新购车驾驶员驾龄不足，路况不熟、路面判断能力欠缺，导致行车安全隐患大，单位管理难度增加。

　3、主管部门处罚力度薄弱，没有起到震慑效益。由于对一些违规经营行为，交通、物价等主管部门出于多方面因素，往往处罚力度不大，滋养恶习，致使经营控制力滞后。

　综上所述，为切实解决矛盾，树立广大经营者信心，增加企业效益，现就经营中存在的问题以及解决途径、应对措施建议如下：

　1、交警、运管、城管、市容等执法部门应密切配合，交警部门应积极加强对“黑头面包车”的路面监管；运管部门应加大对“黑头面包车”非法营运的查处力度；城管、市容等部门在城关内应加强对停车线内非法停靠车辆的取缔，从而有力打击“黑头面包车”在城关内的滋生土壤，既符合县委、县政府关于规范县内客运市场文件精神，又维护了广大班线经营者切身利益。

　2、继续向政府价格主管部门献言献策，针对目前各项运营成本上升现实情况，结合我县实际，并借鉴省内周边地区票价，做到兼顾乘、运双方利益，拟定符合我县实际的票价，确保广大班线经营者效益最大化。

　3、建议县内各乡镇政府对已贯通的 “村村通”公路两边路涯应给予适度加宽,便于班线车能每日安排运力进村载客,既能方便农村广大乘客出行,又能挤压各类“黑头面包车”非法营运班线的强劲势头,遏制其生存空间,维护合法班线自身权益。

　4、建议公路管理部门对部分乡镇主要干道，要加大路面维护的资金投入，切实保障路面通行效率，使班车维修费用降低，从而减少运营成本流失。

　5、针对城关公交车经营现状，建议县财政或民政部门能拟定建立公交车补贴长效机制，每年按时兑现补贴，使我县城关公交车能朝良性方向发展。

　6、积极利用县城创建、工业园发展、县城道路拓宽等发展机遇为依托，进一步整合我县客运市场资源，开辟新班线，增添新运力，最大限度地方便广大市民出行，为在我司范围内全面推行公司化改造、抢占更多的市场份额作准备。

　7、积极寻求交警、运管、物价等执法部门外部配合，加强对我司营运车辆违规现象的查处力度；同时在内部加强班线合同的管理，严厉打击非法倒买、倒卖和私自转让经营权现象的发生，各公司要挖掘自身潜力，增强公司的控制力和执行力，规范营运车辆经营行为，提高营运车辆服务质量。

　8、积极稳妥地执行集团公司区内营运线路公司化改造的实施意见。

　9、努力发展与我司相关的汽车租赁公司、广告公司等。

　六、结束语

　 道路客运与城市公交客运都是陆上旅客运输的重要组成部分，无论从旅客的集散、送达，还是线路开辟、站点设置等方面都存在着不可分割的联系，必须作为社会化、专业化的运输体系去统一管理、统筹规划、协调安排。随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展，现代化建设步伐的加快和人民生活水平的提高，城乡道路客运一体化发展已成为--种客观需要，势在必行。由于基础设施、管理体制等方面存在很多问题，我国的城乡道路客运一体化发展起步较晚，目前仍处在探索阶段，还有很多问题需要解决，是一个逐步完善的渐进的发展过程。

　

　Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does not care about the well-being of the masses, the sense of responsibility is not strong, go to implement the policy of benefiting shrink, work style is simple and crude, falsifying false fraud and other issues. The village, community based organizations at the grass-roots level is mainly to solve the weak and feeble, and awareness and ability to serve the people is not strong, unjustly and other issues.Municipal Party committee, county leadership and leadership cadres targeted solution to stem from generation to generation theory of learning and learning, thinking and understanding of low low, non boundary is not clear, father-in-law private is not divided, the inner world of emptiness, ginseng in feudal superstition, values dislocation, justice back; keen to on the run, do not pay attention to down and down to earth, and improve the people's livelihood and not enough attention; the use of policy research, promote the development plan of thought is not clear, do not respect the objective laws of law, not to contact the local reality, to work on, Dianmianjiege, solve complex problems, a lot of ways; organization sense lax discipline Chi, eat Eat and drink, or hold, as the style is not enough to listen to the views of democracy, is not sufficient. The problems in county units directly under the needle to solve all departments, regardless of the immediate, regardless of the overall care, long far, problems encountered around, interests struggle, work obstruction, objective reasons to find on the level assigned by the office the task of top do not do, for people to do things for various reasons do not drag on the business policy; eat out, are not allowed to grasp the situation of grass-roots work, the standard is not high, but had to go, not for the hard life, I wish you work; accustomed to when the second pass hand, to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents, Mechanically, and mechanical operation, inspection and assessment of excessive and indiscriminate procedures too cumbersome, the service efficiency is not high; back to work late and leave early, off-site their labor does not contribute, work, play games, go to Taobao, do private affairs. Law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry for the solution of departmental interests first, set up the trap of consumption, and increase their cost, making things difficult for the masses, yuminzhengli; engage in selective enforcement, arbitrary enforcement, and does not give the benefits do not work, give the benefits of out of work, do human case, relations case, money case. Township. Street leadership and leading cadres have needle To solve the service consciousness is not strong, and waiting for the door, need to take the initiative to ask less, "day" phenomenon is serious, the masses who can not find work; don't respect people meaning will not pay attention to do ideological work, administrative work force, attitude toward the masses evil bad rebuked; awareness of the law and policy ideas is not strong, not in accordance with the law and legal procedures, arbitrary misappropriate by taking of project funds, to deceive the masses, and fool superior; the masses deduction of property, and the masses of money owed, on account, a bunch of problems depend, against the interests of the masses. The village, community organizations and so on have a needle to solve the ability to lead the masses out of poverty to get rich The policy is not strong, and is not in place, excellent affectionate friends and other issues.According to our actual County, county led the leadership and leading cadres to solve outstanding neglect of theoretical study, relaxed ideological uplifting, the transformation of the subjective world is not enough; the development of consciousness is not strong, the lack of a pioneering spirit of innovation and development of extension and planning work style, the starting point is not high; the work style of the wind drift, work strength is insufficient promote the working poor, pointing problem. Agatanoatae departments (units) to solve the conflict outstanding overall awareness is not strong, a unit of interests, to push and push, can avoid to be avoided, "buck" style of play; the wind is not practical, formalism, take office remote command, issue orders left and right; the development of service ability; On the higher level policy is not strong, don't eat thoroughly, grasp the information held to get large projects, good projects, not many democratic consciousness; indifferent Bo, autocratic, project implementation and financial management policy is not strict, not according to the provisions of the compression three funds, private, a "small exchequer" work, reception and public service vehicles to exceed the standard, Gongjusiyong, gongsibufen; discipline loose, fine depressed, apathetic, baggy collapse. Problems of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry to solve the standard process prominent light weight rights bureau, light duty, light service charge, regardless of weight, the global and the interests of the masses, not As slow as, as the chaos; are keen to shout slogans, slogans, really not good in service, and do practical things. Problems of Rural Township, street leading bodies and leading cadres to solve outstanding stem development consciousness is not strong, unclear thinking, with the current situation, progress, innovation consciousness is not strong. The work did not pick up, appearance change is the sense of purpose; desalination, not understanding of public opinion, not good at doing all the work of the masses, reflect some problems of setting aside, long failed; style is not democracy, serious paternalism, listen to different views, "What I say goes. Tang; hhrrc idle away in seeking pleasure and so on village. Community organizations and so on, but also highlight the fabric to solve the ideological concept of old concept, weak, lazy, too and, fighting force is not enough to play enough; lack of respect for the masses, work without principles, they enforced the policy breach of privilege, engage in "shrink aliasing," local policies, damage the interests of the masses;; the lack of sense of responsibility, avoid everything to hide things timid, occupied the position of secretary, shape useless work method; rough simple, engage in coercion, resort to deceit, and abuse of power, lawlessness and other issues. The school to highlight the occupation belief to solve read shake, the spirit of dedication is not enough, the lack of a noble. Desalination, realm, the status of the student body, the spirit of unremitting slack, satisfied with the existing level and achievement; school administrative management, value orientation of utilitarianism, than the performance to be better than the treatment, than fame, accepted by the parents a gift, education and teaching quality is not high, the reform of teaching and research ability is not strong; school behavior is not standardized, weight should try, light quality, disorderly enrollment, charges fees, arbitrary subscription supplementary information, not before class preparation, classroom lecture class disorderly mess, makeup, do not read homework, "" day "phenomenon. The problems in medical and health institutions to solve the outstanding health ethics is not high Yifeng is, dedication is not enough, The lack of a sense of responsibility, minor illnesses Dazhi, prescription; service, cumbersome procedures, registration fees, and the time of taking the medicine, long treatment time is short, efficiency is not high; treat patients face cold tone, gas blunt, arrogant, buck passing skin, the doctor-patient relationship is not harmonious; professional ability is not strong, service quality is not high, climbing competition prevailed; the spirit of low-spirited vibration, lax discipline, and post their income by kickbacks and envelopes, patients receiving home family banquets and other issues. The non-public economic group organization to resolve outstanding overall concept, social responsibility is not strong, law-abiding integrity consciousness about the production and operation, and service quality is not high; reform Development and upgrading of the reform is not active, internal management institutions are not scientific, major issues in decision-making democracy is not high degree of democracy, disregard of the interests of workers, job consumption is not standardized and other issues.Authorities at all levels and their subordinate units and grassroots organizations should focus on solving it organization slack, slack discipline problems. To deepen and expand the effectiveness of the storm action as an important content of various organs to carry out educational practice activities, continue to play well to improve the style of work, the transformation of government functions, optimizing the administrative environment, standardize administrative law enforcement act, the implementation of major responsibility "55 big battle" to further improve the service quality and administrative efficiency, establish a good image of good.(two) focus on solving the problem of the vital interests of the massesAdhere to the people convenience, in trying to force, according to the principle of cutting to protect and improve people's livelihood work, perfecting the social security system, and strive to improve the level of basic public service equalization etc., so that the people share more to enjoy the fruits of reform and development. The group to meet the needs of the masses, increase investment, product positive measures to do a number of large audience, benefit benefit deep practical good, strive to solve the masses of medical school, medical treatment, road, housing, employment and other aspects. On the surface, safeguard the interests of the masses, improve the implementation of the constraint system, and improve the cost of illegal, increase accountability accountability force Degree, efforts to solve the ecological environment, food and drug safety, production safety, social security, law enforcement and judicial law, land acquisition and other aspects of public interests. The damage to people around the urban and rural integration, and accelerate the pace of construction of small towns, counties and small towns to improve the road, water, electricity, heating, gas, housing etc. infrastructure, continue to do a good job of urban management, focusing on remediation litter, chaotic pendulum stalls, the vehicle vehicle parked. Around the help do poverty alleviation, push the "double" action "and" 1236 "anti poverty crucial action, with Gai Shanji and infrastructure to increase the income of the farmers as the focus, vigorously implement the whole force village and easily Poverty alleviation moving relocation project, cultivation of fruit, potatoes, livestock, vegetables, and other special industries, grasp the dynamic training of rural social assistance work in labour, and efforts to solve the problem of production and life of the poor vulnerable groups. Around the body construction of harmonious society, strengthen the communication with the masses sincerely, smooth mass appeal channels expression channels, do conflict investigation and the product to resolve the backlog work, maintain social stability, enhance the sense of security, improve the satisfaction degree, let the masses feel the social fairness and justice.(three) efforts to solve the problem of contact service masses "last mile"In order to strengthen the construction of service-oriented grassroots party organization as the starting point, focus on grasping the party building, to maintain stability, promote development, to further promote the vanguard of Hui Hui's people's livelihood, actions, and lay a solid foundation of innovation. The service of the masses organization party organization set up, take the mining village enterprises, the construction of "" multinational joint building "," regional construction "industry chain branch etc., continuous optimization of grassroots party organizations, Party organizations and expand the coverage of work covered. Grasp grasp leader team construction, conscientiously implement the provincial Party committee" on the further strengthening of the village Party Secretary team building meeting >, optimal selection with strong village leaders, and strengthen college-graduate village official (Village The Ministry of Education) and tracking management, focus on building a strong sense of service, service ability and strong team, grass-roots party organization Secretary style of service good. Do the development of Party member, strict entrance fall off ", implement the three class, public commitment, democratic appraisal education management system and give full play to vanguard role. As the service of the masses into the rich carrier, to further expand the" red flag terrace Kingdom party brand connotation, establish and perfect the whole villages and towns, streets and villages, community public service outlets, the implementation of the party organization and party commitment Jiannuo, twinning, window units and service industries such as instant evaluation price System, the full implementation of the "line of work", "public pipeline engineering", "five vanguard", the "party shifangang" star rating, a rating of the party, grassroots organizations to enhance service function and improve the service level. Security guarantee system, to establish a stable base group and basic public organization operation. Service fee funds safeguard mechanism, strengthen the village collective economic accumulation, promote human, money, material, further implement love and tilt to the grassroots, grassroots cadres policy, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the service of the masses, to ensure that all work, rich work, a chapter everything.Three, step by stepThe education practice is not phased, not to engage in the transfer section. To adhere to the problem oriented, adhere to educational practice and science, insist on learning while the investigation and reform, with the "five question five check 33 assessment" as the carrier, the education, the implementation of the rectification, the entire chapter formed, the masses comments throughout. The aspects of education practice activities work effectively with each other through.(a) learning education, listen to opinions1, deep into the thought of launch. The township units in the province to thoroughly understand the central and municipal spirit, God, listen to opinions based on, combined with the actual development of the implementation plan, and timely mobilization, unified thought, improve knowledge, carefully arranged to start the single unit of educational practice implementation case should be reported. The steering group audit checks. Together with the organization held a mobilization meeting, Party members and cadres do, subordinate units responsible person, invite some two members on behalf of a service object, and representatives of the masses, to guide the leadership sty

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